Australia

= RJ = = ﻿ @ustralia =

This here is Jack you mess with this page you mess with Jack understand =

= = If you abuse this page i will find you. =

Contrary to popular belief in much of the world, the British were not the first settlers in Australia, nor were they the first Europeans to set foot on the continent. About 60,000 years ago, the aboriginals arrived by sea from Asia. They adapted to the land well and moved across the land as they were nomadic hunters. In fifteenth century Europe there was a increase in exploration and the hunt for the controversial great southern land was on. The Dutch were aggressively searching for riches such as gold in the southern hemisphere. William Jansz, a Dutch ship captain, discovered the Cape of York in 1606 and found the land inhospitable and moved on. Other Dutch explorers discovered the west coast of Australia and found the dry, arrid land of no economic value to their homeland. The British had an overcrowded prison population in the mid 18th century and they required a new penal colony. In 1768, Captain James Cook set sail for Australia and found the more desirable east coast. In 1770, King George III claimed the east coast and named it New South Wales. In 1788, the first fleet arrived carrying 750 convicts. This was the first penal colony that is now the Sydney area. The second penal colony developed was to the south in Tasmania. This colony was called Port Arthur which is a tourist attraction now. Over the following decades, these colonies grew. Australia grew into a productive farming land and a major wool producer. In the 1850's there was a gold rush in Victoria and New South Wales. Australia remains a major producer of mining products to this day. Opals are just one example. On January 1st 1901, Australia became it's own nation. The six colonies were federated to form one nation. Over the following decades, Australia continued to expand and after World War 2, there was a mass immigration from Europe. At one point in time, Melbourne became the largest Greek populated city outside of Athens. More recently, the immigration has come from Asian neighbours. ||= ||= =**Geography**= Histrorical Enemies are:  The Boers: "The Fighting Farmers that created Commando" Mainly of Dutch origin who had moved to South Africa to escape religious persecution in Holland. During the Napoleonic Wars Britian seized South Africa in 1814, and the Dutch (Boer) settlers trekked north and set up the Africaner Republics of Transvaal and Orange Free State. Other than that there isnt much else out there of why the Austrailians fought the Boers other than the Boer War. The Turkish: In WW1 they fought against the Turkish (Sulten's Army is also part of the Turkish)  The German Army: Was at war with them in WW2  Italy: Was at war with them in WW2  Japan: Was at war with them in WW2 also   The Malaya: "The Communist Terrorists, know as "the CTs"  They are Anti-Japanese Army reformed after WW2   The North Vietnamese Army(NVA) and the Viet Cong (VC): Fought them in the Vietnam War   The Mujahedin of Afganistan AKA the Taliban: We were at war with them in the 21st century in Afghanistan   The Kamarain Army aka OPFOR: This is the Opposition Forces in Australia who are for realistic training, are a special group of Australian soldiers who regularly "invade" Australia or "attack" vital installations   ||=  ||= **Location on World Map** || Some Conflicts they were in are:
 * =**History**=
 * Summery**
 * Map of Country**
 * Link to a Picture of Australia-**
 * Just click on the photo of Australia**
 * for a larger view** ||
 * Another older timeline ||
 * = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Historical Enemies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Historical Conflicts

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Boer War: 1899-1902 More than 10,000 Australian soldiers sailed for South Africa to help British troops engaged in the war against the Boer Settlers. The first contingents were raised by the colonial governments and it was not until 1902 that the newly formed Commonwealth government raised the eight battalions of the Australian Commonwealth Horse. The records held in our collection and the Australian War Memorial's collection document the process of recruiting, training and shipping contingents through nominal rolls, pay sheets, reports and thousands of policy and administrative files.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">WW1: 1914-18 More than 330,000 Australians served overseas in World War I. Of these, nearly 60,000 died, 152,000 were wounded, and over 4000 were taken prisoner, of whom 395 died in captivity.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">WW2: 1939-45 Over 993,000 Australians served in the armed forces during World War II. Of those on active service, 27,073 were killed in action or died, 23,477 were wounded, and 30,560 were taken prisoner of war. Of those taken prisoner, 8296 died in captivity.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Japanese air raids on Darwin
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The first bombs were dropped on Darwin on 19 February 1942 when Japanese aircraft were launched from four aircraft carriers in the Timor Sea. A second wave of bombers attacked later the same day. At least 243 people were killed and between 300 and 400 were wounded. Twenty military aircraft were destroyed, eight ships at anchor in the harbour were sunk, and most civil and military facilities in Darwin were destroyed. With Singapore having fallen to the Japanese only days earlier, and concerned at the effect of the bombing on national morale, the government announced to the rest of Australia that only 17 people had been killed. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Believing an invasion was imminent, approximately half Darwin’s civilian population fled. The civilian and military panic that followed the bombing was such that the government ordered an immediate investigation by a Commission of Inquiry. The air attacks on Darwin continued until November 1943, by which time the Japanese had bombed Darwin 64 times. Northern Australia generally was also the target of Japanese air attack, with bombs being dropped on Townsville, Katherine, Wyndham, Derby, Broome and Port Hedland.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Japanese midget submarine attacks
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">On the night of 31 May 1942 three Japanese midget submarines attacked Sydney Harbour. One of the submarines became entangled in the boom net at the entrance to the harbour and was destroyed by the crew. Another fired a torpedo which sank the depot ship HMAS Kuttabul with the loss of 19 sailors. A third submarine was attacked with depth charges and sunk by vessels of the RAN. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Japanese submarine attacks along the Australian coastline continued until June 1943. The submarine campaign sank 19 ships (including the hospital ship Centaur) and claimed 503 lives. Rather than being a precursor to invasion, the attacks were intended to isolate Australia and hinder its war effort.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Chemical warfare trials
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">During World War II, the Australian Chemical Warfare Research and Experimental Section, under the guidance of the Chemical Defence Board, conducted trials in Australia of chemical weapons and chemical defence measures under tropical conditions. The trials involved the firing of shells, mortar bombs, aircraft bombs and other experimental munitions filled with chemical agents. The trials were conducted both in the field and in gas chambers, and included tests on the effectiveness of chemical agents (gases, liquids and irritating ointments) and the effectiveness of a range of protective equipment, especially respirators and impregnated clothing. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Between 1943 and 1945 over 750 men volunteered to participate in chemical warfare trials. The subjects used in the early trials were students from Melbourne University, but once the trial program became more established, most of the volunteers were servicemen, the majority of whom had battle experience. The scientists conducting the trials on occasions used themselves as subjects. Animals were also used. Trials were conducted at Port Wakefield, Singleton, Forbes, Grafton, Humpty Doo, Innisfail, Proserpine, Townsville and Brook Island (Qld). <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Korean War: 1950-53 On 25 June 1950, the North Korean Army invaded South Korea. Elements of the Australian Navy, Army and Air Force, still with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan, were quickly committed to the war in Korea. These were supplemented by additional forces sent from Australia. The war lasted until 1953, by which time total Australian casualties were 1584, with 339 killed and 29 taken prisoner of war.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The Malayan Emergency: 1948-60 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">In June 1948 the British colonial government in Malaya declared a state of emergency in order to combat violence and unrest, set against a background of political, racial and industrial conflict. Over the next 12 years, British, Malayan and Commonwealth armed forces were to fight against an insurgency led by the Malayan Communist Party, which was to become known as the Malayan Emergency. The state of emergency was not completely lifted until 1960, three years after the Federation of Malaya had achieved independence. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Australia’s involvement began in June 1950 with the contribution of six Lincoln bombers from No. 1 (Bomber) Squadron, RAAF, and a flight of Dakotas from No. 38 (Transport) Squadron, RAAF. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The first Australian ground forces arrived in Malaya in 1955; the last left in 1963, more than three years after the Emergency had been declared officially over. As well as air and infantry forces, Australia contributed artillery and engineering support, an airfield construction squadron and signals personnel, as well as a number of Royal Australian Navy ships. Fifty-one Australian servicemen were killed in Malaya, and 27 were wounded.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Indonesian Confrontation: 1962-66 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Confrontation was a small, undeclared war fought from 1962 to 1966 through which President Sukarno of Indonesia sought to destabilise and destroy the new Federation of Malaysia which had emerged in 1963. Sukarno argued that the creation of Malaysia was a means of maintaining British colonial rule in South-East Asia behind a guise of independence for its former colonial possession, Malaya. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">In early 1963 military activity increased along the Indonesian side of the border in Borneo, with small parties of armed Indonesians infiltrating Malaysian territory on propaganda and sabotage missions. Armed incursions increased in strength. By 1964 regular units of the Indonesian army began cross-border raids, and later that year began launching attacks against peninsula Malaysia itself. Australian forces were already based in Malaysia as part of the British Commonwealth Far East Strategic Reserve, and participated in the defence of the peninsula in September–October 1964. In 1965 Australian troops joined British and New Zealand forces in Borneo, where they mounted extensive operations on both sides of the border. Because of the extreme sensitivity of the cross-border operations, they were never officially admitted at the time. Confrontation ended in August 1966 when the Indonesians and Malaysians signed a peace treaty in Bangkok. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">In all, Australia contributed two infantry battalions, two squadrons of the Special Air Service, several artillery batteries, parties of the Royal Australian Engineers, ships of the RAN and 5 Squadron RAAF. Twenty-three Australians were killed during Confrontation and eight were wounded.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Vietnam War:1962-75 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">When the last Australian troops were withdrawn from Vietnam in December 1972 Australians had been fighting in Vietnam for more than 10 years. By that time more than 50,000 Australians had served in Vietnam. Battle casualties were 521 killed and 2398 wounded, of whom 43 percent were national servicemen. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> || || || **Traditional Clothes** my friends the aborigenes aprove of these things to my left and right || **Traditional Food** ||
 * **Flag and what it signify's**
 * **Traditions/Culture**

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Australian and New Zealand Distributors." //Parallax Home//. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://www.parallax.com/default.aspx?tabid=491>. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">// Freelance Graphic and Web Designer | Rob Cubbon //. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. [] <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">(kurt.grigg@virgin.net), By Kurt. "Module 6. Australia." //SVK Beavers//. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://svkbeavers.blogspot.com/2010/01/v-behaviorurldefaultvml-o_22.html>. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Team 2 - SIUE Geog201 Wiki." //Main Page - SIUE Geog201 Wiki//. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. [].
 * **Bibliography-**

=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 170%;">﻿Pictures of Australia = =<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ =

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 170%; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Website for fun only ||