Japan

= JAPAN By:Vaughn Linton =

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0 AD: shintoism becomes the national religion and the "emperor" is merely an official in charge of performing Shinto rituals and symbolic ceremonies 200: Sushi is invented 239:First visit of a Japanese envoy to China 500:Japan adopts the Chinese alphabet 538:Paekche sends a delegation to introduce buddism to the Japanese emperor 550:The Sun dynasty get the throne and moves the capitol to the Asuka valley in the central Yamato plains 550:The native religion's term Shinto is introduced to differentiate between Buddhism and Confucianism 604:Prince Shotoku of the Soga clan promotes Buddhism 604:Prince Shotoku introduces a Chinese styled Constitution 645:Shotoku is succeeded by Kotoku Tenno, who strengthens imperial power over aristocratic clans (Taika Reform), turning their states into provinces 710:Japans capital is moved to Nara 749:Shomu's daughter Koken becomes Empress 784:Capital is moved to Nagaoka 794:Capital is moved to Kyota 838:The emporer forbids contact with China 1181:The famine kills hundreds of thusands of people 1192:The emporer choses Yorimoto as the shogun (Military leader) 1199:Yorimoto dies 1274:The Mongols try to invade Japan but are repeled by the Kamikaze 1333:emperor Go-Daigo defeats the Kamakura shogunate, restores imperial power and moves the capital to Muromachi (near Kyoto) 1467:civil war (Onin war) erupts in Japan and Japan is split among feudal lords (daimyo) 1542:Firearms are introduced by a shipwrecked portugese ship 1549:The missionary Frances Xavier reaches Japan 1568:The daimyo Oda Nubanaga reaches Kyoto and ends the civil war 1573:The daimyo Oda Nobunaga overthrows the Muromachi bakufu and extends his control over most of Japan 1575:Nobunaga defeats the rival Takeda clan in the battle of Nagashino by employing modern warfare 1582:Nobunaga is murdered and is succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1591:Toyotomi Hideyoshi reunifies and pacifies Japan 1591:The irst printing press in Japan is estabished by the Jesuits 1592:Toyotomi Hideyoshi tries to conquer Korea but is repelled by China 1598:Hideyoshi dies after trying a second time to invade Korea 1603: The Tokugawa Shogunate divides the subjects into five hereditary classes of decreasing importance (lords, samurai, farmers, artisans, merchants) 1614:Ieyasu bans Christianity from Japan 1633:the shogun Iemitsu forbids travelling abroad and reading foreign books 1638:the shogun Iemitsu forbids ship building 1639:Iemitsu restricts interaction with foreigners to Nagasaki 1641:Iemitsu bans all foreigners, except Chinese and Dutch, from Japan (the Dutch remain off the coast of Nagasaki) 1707:Mount Fuji erupts 1854:The USA forces Japan to sign a trade agreement ("treaty of Kanagawa") which reopens Japan to foreigners after two 1855:Russia and Japan establish diplomatic relations 1864:British, French, Dutch and American warships bomb Choshu and open more Japanese ports for foreigners 1870:The first newspaper 1871: The yen debuts 1872:Western dress is prescribed for official ceremonies 1873: Japan allows religious freedom and adopts the Gregorian calender 1876:Japan forces Korea to sign the treaty of Kanghwa 1879:Japan holds regional elections, the first democratic elections outside of the West 1882:China sends troops to defend the Korean government and Japan sends troops to defend its delegation after a mob attacks it 1885:China and Japan agree to pull out their troops from Korea 1885:Prince Hirobumi Ito becomes Japan's first prime minister 1889:Emperor Meiji promulgates a parliamentary constitution, but only 460,000 people are entitled to vote out of a population of 50 million in the first parliamentary election 1894:China sends troops into Korea and Japan invades China (first sino-japanese war) 1896:The European powers force Japan to surrender the Liaotung peninsula of China 1902:Japan signs the London treaty with Britain that recognizes Japan's rights in Korea and Britain's rights in China Feb.1904:Japan attacks Russia in Manchuria, destroying the Russian fleet at Port Arthur, and invades Korea 1905:At the battle of Mukden between Japan and Russia over 100,000 soldiers die 1905:after Japan destroys the Russian fleet at the battle of Tsushima, Russia withdraws from Manchuria, loses Sakhalin, and recognizes a Japanese protectorate over Korea (treaty of Portsmouth), the first time that a non-European country defeats a European power (but the Japanese lose 100,000 lives) 1914:World War I breaks out in the Balkans, pitting Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, USA and Japan against Austria, Germany and Turkey 1917:Nikon is founded 1922: The Japanese Communist Party is founded 1923:The Great Kanto earthquake devestates Tokyo 1930:Britain, Japan, France, Italy and the USA sign the London Naval Treaty, an agreement to reduce naval warfare Dec. 1936:Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact (de facto, an anti-Soviet pact) Dec. 1937:Japan captures Nanjing (350,000 Chinese are killed and 100,000 women are raped during the "rape of Nanking") Oct. 1938: Japan captures Canton Sept. 1940:Italy Germany and Japan sign the pact of the axis April 1941:Japan signs a neutrality pact with the Soviet Union June 1941:Germany attacks the Soviet Union, embarrassing Japan, and Japan decides to honor its neutrality pact Dec. 1941:Japan attacks the USA fleet at Pearl Harbour 1944:The USA drops 22,885 tons of bombs on the Tokyo-Kawasaki-Yokohama area May 1945:Germany surrenders to the USA, Britain and the Soviet Union Aug. 1945:the USA drops two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and emperor Hirohito surrenders, World War II ends and Japan is forced to retreat from the land it occupied 1947:Japan ratifies a new democratic constitution and the emperor remains a mere figurehead 1968:Kawabata becomes the first Japanese to win a Nobel prize 1971:Japanese musician Daisuke Inoue builds the first karaoke machine in Kobe 1978: Japan and China sign a peace treaty 1968:Shigechiyo Izumi dies at 120, the oldest man in the world 1995: An earthquake kills 6,500 people in Kobe 2004: for the first time since the end of WW II, Japan sends troops to a warzone (Iraq) 2004:India becomes the largest recipient of Japanese aid 2006:Japan imposes tough sanctions against North Korea following North Korea's nuclear test 2006:China becomes Japan's largest trading partner 2007:World stock markets collapse Oct. 2008:Japan's stock market plunges 9.4% in one day and then 9.6% a few days later, the biggest one-day drops since the 1987 market crash, as the economy enters its longest recession since World War II Aug. 2009:Japan's recession ends but exports fall 36% compared with a year earlier and unemployment reaches a record 5.7% Sep. 2010:The government discovers that more than 230,000 Japanese who are listed as being aged 100 or over are dead || Historical Enemies: United States The United States and China first went to war against each other in world war 2 when the japanese bombed Pearl Harbor bringing the american into the war. Later on when the war was just about over america retaliated and dropped 2 atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. China China and Japan have had a relationnship together since Japan was founded in Febuary 11 660 BC. Although they may have had some conflicts earlier in their history this is the earliest that i could find.(Click of Flag) Korea [|Japanese invasion of Korea (1592-1593)] Ever since Japan was founded they have had an interest in the peninsula just to its north known as Korea. This peninsula was a crucial defensive spot to the Japanese archipelago and also would allow them to get closer to China which had an abundance of raw materials. This interest in which japan had later led up to japanese invasions of Korea. The invasion of 1592- 1593 link is listed above. || Historical Conflicts: The First Sino Japanese war was fought over the control of Korea between Japan and China. In the end the Japanese won and the Teaty of Simonoseki ended the war. Japan Joined World war 1 in 1914 as requested by the British and was a part of the Entente Power. They helped secure the sea lanes of the south Pacific and Indian Oceans from the German Raiders. At the end of World War 1 Japans exports quadrupled due to the international exposure of World War 1. At the start of world war 2 in 1939 Japan joined the Axis Powers. In the December of 1941 Japan Bombed Pearl Harbor bringing the Americans into the war. 4 years later in 1945 America bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki thus ending the war. || In January 26, 1870 this Japanese Flag was adopted. Also called the Nisshoki or Hinomaru the circle in the center of the flag represents the rising sun. The white background represents Honesty and Purity || History Summary: In the beginning of Japan's history it was ruled by clans. But over many years and many civil wars it came together to become a nation. Its diverse and unique culture is one of the oldest in the world dating all the way back into the AD's. Over this amount of time though its has gained enemies that have at some points in history stouted the growth of this evergrowing nation. Just some of these enemies are The Koreans, The Chinese, and the United States. Probably the biggest set back that the Japanese faced it their history was the bombings of Nagasaki and Hirosima. Killing 90,000-166,000 in Hiroshima and 60,000-80,000 in Nagasaki these two atomic bombs crushed the 2 cities and destroyed the Axis's hopes of winning the war. After world war 2 and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan entered the rebuilding stages of their history. Now 65 years after the bombings Japan's economy is starting to perk up making once again one of the world Powers. || Map of Japan: || Sports and Recreation -Sumo -Baseball -Soccer -Golf -Ski and snowboard -Martial arts -Go (Japanese Board game) -Hanetsuki (Japanese badminton) Holidays **New Year (shogatsu):** -Japan's most important holiday -January 1 - January 3 -Febuary 14 -Women give chocolate to man -Not a national holiday -March 14 -Man gives cakes or chocolates to women -Not a national holiday -May 3 -National Holiday -Holiday remembering the new constitution -Happens on July or August 7 -Celebrated on 7th day of 7th month -one of the star festival customs is to write your wishes on a sheet of paper and hang it on a bamboo tree <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Festival <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Not a national holiday <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-December 24-25 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-introduced to Japan by Europeans <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">in the 16th century <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-December 31 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Not a national holiday <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Most important holiday in Japan Religion 83.9% 74.1% 2% 7.8% || Traditional Clothing: **Kimono:** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Refers to all types of clothing <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-The National costume of Japan <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Worn by women <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Different styles of Kimonos <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Consists of a wide pleated skirt <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Today both men and women but earlier only men wore it <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-7 pleats each represent a certain virtue <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-many varieties <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Casual version of a Kimono <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-generally worn after bathing <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Usually made out of cotton <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Jūnihitoe: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Worn only by court women in Japan <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Came around the 10th century <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Expensive <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Worn with the Hakama <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Part of martial arts uniform || Traditional food: Gyoza- Japanese style dumplings Korokke- Japanese croquettes Yakitory- Grilled chicken Tempura- Deep fried seafood and vegetables Udon- Japanese noodles Soba- Japanese noodles Okonomiyaki - Japanese pancake-pizza Nikujaga - Meat and potatoes
 * History timeline:
 * First Sino-Japanese war:**
 * <span style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">World War 1 **
 * World War 2**
 * Flag and Significance:
 * Cultural/traditions:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Valentine's Day: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">White Day: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Constitution Day (kenpo kinenbi): **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Star Festival (tanabata): **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Christmas: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">New Year's Eve (omisoka): **
 * Shinto**
 * Buddhism**
 * Chritianity**
 * Other**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Hakama: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Yukata: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Uwangi: **
 * Main Dishes: **

Gomaae - Spinach with sesame dressing Jakopi Tofu - Tofu with jakopi topping || = Bibliography =
 * Side Dishes:**

<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"China and Japan timeline: a century of conflict - Telegraph." __ Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph - Telegraph __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/6259212/Ch and-Japan-timeline-a-century-of-conflict.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"Japan Flag, Japanese Flag." __ World Map, Map of the World __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/japan-flag.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"Japanese dishes." __ Japan-guide.com - Japan Travel and Living Guide __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2035.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">Lad, By Kashmira. "Japanese Traditional Clothing." __ Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/japanese-traditional-clothing.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"Sports in Japan." __ Japan-guide.com - Japan Travel and Living Guide __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e633.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"A timeline of Japan." __ Piero Scaruffi's knowledge base __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/japanese.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"A timeline of Japan." __ Piero Scaruffi's knowledge base __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/japanese.html>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"Where is Japan, Location Map Of Japan." __ World Map, Map of the World __. 07 Dec. 2010 <http://www.mapsofworld.com/japan/japan-location-map.html>.

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